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WASHINGTON Nike Shox NZ Scontate , March 11 (Xinhua) -- Two flu strains that recently began causing sporadic infections among people in Chinese mainland and Taiwan, known as H10N8 and H6N1, are still not able to infect humans easily, U.S. researchers said Wednesday.
Researchers from the Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) analyzed a key protein from the two strains and found they have not acquired changes that would cause a much-feared pandemic.
However, given the versatility that these bird flu viruses have in attaching to bird cells Nike Shox Scontate , they "can probably mutate in different ways to jump to humans," said Ian Wilson, professor of structural biology and chair of TSRI's Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology. "So we shouldn't be complacent about our ability to predict the viral changes required to get a pandemic."
The new research, from Wilson's laboratory and the laboratory of James Paulson, acting president and CEO of TSRI Nike Vapormax Off White Scontate , was reported in two papers in the U.S. journal Cell Host & Microbe.
One paper focused on an H10N8 bird flu virus that infected and killed a 73-year-old Chinese woman from Jiangxi Province in late 2013 and reportedly caused at least two other deaths in that province since then.
Using the genetic sequence of the virus obtained by Chinese scientists, the TSRI team produced copies in cell culture of its hemagglutinin (HA) protein, which flu viruses use to infect host cells.
Paulson's laboratory tested the ability of the human-infecting H10N8 HA protein to bind to lab-grown versions of "flu virus receptors" and found that it binds well to the receptors found on bird cells, but negligibly to those found on human cells.
Wilson's laboratory used X-ray crystallography to determine the atomic-scale structure of the H10N8 HA protein, revealing how the protein binds to avian receptors and why it cannot bind well to human receptors.
"This H10N8 HA protein hasn't acquired the structural changes that would allow the virus to be transmitted efficiently from human to human Nike Air Jordan 1 Off White Scontate ," said co-first author Heng Zhang, a research associate in the Wilson laboratory.
The other paper, of the HA protein from an H6N1 flu virus that caused nonfatal illness in a 20-year-old Taiwanese woman in June 2013, came to essentially the same conclusions: The viral HA had changed somewhat compared to the usual HA from bird-isolated H6N1, but still remained adapted for binding to avian Nike Air Max 97 Off White Scontate , not human, receptors.
The research also showed that at the atomic scale these new bird flu HAs bind to host-cell receptors in ways not observed in studies of other bird flu viruses, implying that the mutations required for easily infecting humans may be different for different strains and thus hard to know in advance.
NAIROBI, Oct. 20 (Xinhua) -- Athletics Kenya chairman Isaiah Kiplagat came out fighting on Monday, saying his discipline is targeted unfairly and they have become victims of their international success on the track and road races.
Kiplagat Nike Blazer Off White Scontate , who was speaking in Eldoret, however, did not deny the concerns raised by World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and investigative journalism reports, which have confirmed that the vice is rife in the country.
"Most of our elite athletes compete around the globe and are subjected to numerous tests, both while in competition and outside. The best athletes we have all turned out negative and the few who have been caught pleaded their innocence and ignorance and were punished. Let us not kill these athletes Nike Air Force 1 Off White Scontate , because we know many win clean without any performance enhancement drugs in their systems," said Kiplagat.
Kenya will be sending a team of experts in doping to the Africa Anti-Doping Agency in Cape Town later this week for a tripartite meeting with Norway and China Anti doping Agencies for a meeting on how best to eradicate the vice.
However, the refusal by Kiplagat and the entire Athletics Kenya office to grand interviews to the ministerial appointed committee to look in the doping crisis has elicited mixed feeling on what the sport might be hiding. WADA has since suspended over 30 Kenya athletes caught in doping scandals since 2005.
Kenya's sports minister Hassan Wario made public a report of the Anti-Doping Task Force last week in which it said more needed to be done to curb the vice and limit the freedom with which foreign agents keen to make a kill out of the athletes have to interact and influence their performances in the country.
"Athletics Kenya has failed in enlightening athletes at the grassroots level making them easy targets for manipulation. Most of the athletes who have doped, and especially in sophisticated ways, were assisted by a professional doctor Nike Air Max 90 Off White Scontate , coaches or agent," said Wario in his report.
"However, agents are the dark horses. The federation has also failed in encouraging local managers and agents to shun the vice and come up with counter measures."
But Kiplagat would not take that lying down.
"Why are being victimized for our success? We have to appreciate it only that many reports have come out targeting athletes. Doping exists in every sport in Kenya but because athletics shine a lot by breaking world records every time, it has invited sharp focus," said Kiplagat.
Kiplagat Nike Off White Scontate , however, said it was important to suspend and ban those that help athletes dope and withdraw their practicing licenses.
"Our athletes must also learn to trust our local coaches and agents. Believe in them and they will not take you astray. If they do we have the power to ban and punish them. But most of you run to foreign agents and coaches and the results has seen you caught doping. Stop it and win clean," he said.
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